Cervical cancer is a common yet serious disease that affects the cervix — the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It mainly occurs due to a long-term infection with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). While cervical cancer can be life-threatening if left untreated, the good news is that it’s highly preventable and treatable when detected early.
What Causes Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer usually develops slowly over time. It begins with abnormal changes in the cervical cells, often caused by:
1.HPV Infection
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer. It spreads through sexual contact and can remain in the body without symptoms for years.
2.Unprotected Sexual Activity
Having multiple sexual partners or unprotected sex increases the risk of HPV infection and cervical cell changes.
3.Smoking
Women who smoke are at higher risk as smoking weakens the immune system and affects cervical cells.
4.Weakened Immunity
Women with low immunity — due to diseases or certain medications — are more prone to HPV and cervical cell damage.
Common Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
In its early stages, cervical cancer often shows no symptoms, making regular screening very important. However, as it progresses, the following signs may appear:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding (between periods, after intercourse, or after menopause)
- Unusual vaginal discharge (foul-smelling or watery)
- Pain during intercourse
- Pelvic or lower back pain
- Discomfort while urinating
How is Cervical Cancer Diagnosed?
1. Pap Smear Test
A simple test that collects cells from the cervix to check for abnormalities. It can detect precancerous conditions early.
2. HPV DNA Test
This test checks for the presence of high-risk HPV types that may lead to cervical cancer.
3. Biopsy
If any abnormalities are found, the doctor may take a small tissue sample for lab testing to confirm the presence of cancer.
How is Cervical Cancer Treated?
The treatment depends on the stage of cancer, overall health, and whether the patient wishes to preserve fertility.
1. Surgery
In early stages, the affected part of the cervix or the entire uterus may be removed through surgery. Procedures include hysterectomy or conization (removal of a cone-shaped section of abnormal tissue).
2. Radiation Therapy
This involves using high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. It is often used in combination with other treatments and is effective in later stages as well.
3. Chemotherapy
Anti-cancer drugs are used to kill cancer cells. It is typically combined with radiation therapy for advanced stages of cervical cancer. Chemotherapy can cause side effects like nausea, fatigue, and hair loss, but it can be life-saving.
How to Prevent Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer is one of the few cancers that can be prevented with timely action. Here’s how:
1. Get the HPV Vaccine
The HPV vaccine protects against the strains of HPV most likely to cause cervical cancer. It is recommended for girls and women between 9 to 26 years of age. Boys can also get the vaccine to reduce the spread of HPV.
2. Schedule Regular Pap Smear Tests
Every woman above the age of 25 should get a Pap test every 3 years. Early detection is the key to successful treatment.
3. Practice Safe Sex
Using protection and limiting the number of sexual partners reduces the risk of HPV infection.
4. Avoid Smoking
Smoking weakens the immune system and increases the chances of developing cervical cancer. Quitting smoking is one of the best things you can do for overall health.
Conclusion
Cervical cancer can be deadly, but it is also highly preventable and treatable when caught early. Regular screening, timely vaccination, and healthy lifestyle choices play a major role in protection. Awareness is the first step toward prevention — so share this knowledge with the women around you.
If you have any queries related to medical health, consult Subhash Goyal or his team members on this given no +91 99150 72372, +91 99150 99575
